Synthesis, characterization, thermal and fire retardant properties of new homo- and block copolymers of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with cyclotriphosphazene core

Alaa Shaban; Salah Mahdi Al-Shukri; Hussein Ismail Kahlaf; Othman A. Al Hanbali

doi:10.14314/polimery.2019.9.2

Published : 2021-01-12

Vol. 64 No. 9 (2019)

Synthesis, characterization, thermal and fire retardant properties of new homo- and block copolymers of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with cyclotriphosphazene core

Alaa Shaban Salah Mahdi Al-Shukri Hussein Ismail Kahlaf Othman A. Al Hanbali

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2019.9.2

Abstract

New homo- and block copolymers composed of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with hexafunctional cyclotriphosphazene core were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1H-, 13C-, and 31P- NMR. The first homopolymer, PN-polyacry was prepared from the direct condensation of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate with acyl chloride of hexakis(4-carboxyphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, PN-acyl. The second homopolymer, PN-Ep, was prepared in a direct reaction of catalyzed carboxyl groups of hexakis(4-carboxyphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene PN-COOH with epoxy resin via an oxirane ring opening reaction. The block copolymer, PN-Ep/polyacry, was prepared from the partial coupling of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with the PN-acyl, followed by the reaction of unreacted carboxyl groups with epoxy resin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the PN-Ep/polyacry copolymer exhibited good compatibility between polyacrylate and cured epoxy resin. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the prepared polymeric systems accumulate 30–38 wt % char at elevated temperatures, compared to neat polyacrylate and cured epoxy resin, which accumulate negligible char at 700 °C. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) exhibited significant enhancement of fire retardant properties of the prepared polymeric systems. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology study revealed that PN-polyacry and PN-Ep/polyacrylate produced intumescent char residues while PN-Ep produced solid dense char with a nonporous surface.

Keywords

synthesis ; cyclotriphosphazene ; epoxy resin ; polyacrylate ; thermal stability ; flame retardant synteza ; cyklotrifosfazen ; żywica epoksydowa ; poliakrylan ; stabilność termiczna ; środek zmniejszający palność

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Shaban, A., Al-Shukri, S. M., Kahlaf, H. I., & Al Hanbali, O. A. (2021). Synthesis, characterization, thermal and fire retardant properties of new homo- and block copolymers of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with cyclotriphosphazene core. Polimery, 64(9), 577-590. https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2019.9.2

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Crossref

[2] Schäfer A., Seibold S., Walter O., Döring M.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2008, 93, 557.
Crossref

[3] Sudhakara P., Kannan P.: Soft Materials 2009, 7, 198.
Crossref

[4] Sun D., Yao Y.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2011, 96, 1720.
Crossref

[5] Huang Z., Shi W.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2007, 92, 1193.
Crossref

[6] Bai Y., Wang X., Wu D.: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 2012, 51, 15064.
Crossref

[7] Maaskant E., Gojzewski H., Hempenius M.A. et al.: Polymer Chemistry 2018, 9, 3169.
Crossref

[8] Liu R., Wang X.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2009, 94, 617.
Crossref

[9] Yang R., Wang B., Han X. et al.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2017, 44, 62.
Crossref

[10] Li J., Pan F., Xu H. et al.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2014, 110, 268.
Crossref

[11] Guo Y.-N., Qiu J.-J., Tang H.-Q., Liu C.-M.: Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2011, 121, 727.
Crossref

[12] Wang C., Hu F., Yang K. et al.: RSC Advances 2015, 5 (107), 88382.
Crossref

[13] Xu G.-R., Xu M.-J., Li B.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2014, 109, 240.
Crossref

[14] Yang S., Wang J., Huo S. et al.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2016, 126, 9.
Crossref

[15] Zhao B., Liang W.-J., Wang J.-S. et al.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2016, 133, 162.
Crossref

[16] Yang Y., Kong W., Cai X.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2016, 134, 136.
Crossref

[17] Qian L., Feng F., Tang S.: Polymer 2014, 55, 95.
Crossref

[18] Yang R., Hu W., Xu L. et al.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2015, 122, 102.
Crossref

[19] Chandrasekhar V., Athimoolam A.P., Vivekanandan K., Nagendran S.: Tetrahedron Letters 1999, 40, 1185.
Crossref

[20] Zhao Z.P., Guo Q., Li X. et al.: Express Polymer Letters 2012, 6 (4), 308.
Crossref

[21] Miyata K., Watanabe Y., Itaya T. et al.: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 3694.
Crossref

[22] He Q., Dai H., Tan X. et al.: Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2013, 1 (43), 7148.
Crossref

[23] Qian L.-J., Ye L.-J., Xu G.-Z. et al.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2011, 96, 1118.
Crossref

[24] Chen Y., Wang W., Qiu Y. et al.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2017, 140, 166.
Crossref

[25] Kook H.J., Tae K.S., Jung K.H., Kwon Y.: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2006, 6, 3446.
Crossref

[26] Liu J., Tang J., Wang X., Wu D.: RSC Advances 2012, 2 (13), 5789.
Crossref

[27] Yuan W., Tang X., Huang X., Zheng S.: Polymer 2005, 46, 1701.
Crossref

[28] Guo Y.-N., Zhao C., Liu S.-Z. et al.: Polymer Bulletin 2009, 62, 421.
Crossref

[29] Blank W.J., He Z.A., Picci M.: Journal of Coatings Technology 2002, 74, 33.
Crossref

[30] Yile X., Dayo A.Q., Jun W. et al.: Materials Chemistry and Physics 2018, 203, 293.
Crossref

[31] Zhou L., Zhang G., Li J., Jing Z.: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2017, 129, 1667.
Crossref

[32] Liang W.-J., Zhao B., Zhao P.-H. et al.: Polymer Degradation and Stability 2017, 135, 140.
Crossref

[33] Jin W., Yuan L., Liang G., Gu A.: ACS Applied Materials Interfaces 2014, 6, 14931.
Crossref

[34] Laoutid F., Bonnaud L., Alexandre M. et al.: Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports 2009, 63, 100.
Crossref

[35] Levchik G.F., Grigoriev Y.V., Balabanovich A.I. et al.: Polymer International 2000, 49, 1095. h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 1 0 0 2 / 1 0 9 7-0126(200010)49:10<1095::aid-pi405>3.0.co;2-b

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Crossref

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Crossref

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Alaa Shaban help@libcom.pl

Affiliation
Mustansiriyah University, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Baghdad 10052, Iraq

Salah Mahdi Al-Shukri

Affiliation
Mustansiriyah University, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Baghdad 10052, Iraq

Hussein Ismail Kahlaf

Affiliation
Mustansiriyah University, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Baghdad 10052, Iraq

Othman A. Al Hanbali

Affiliation
The University of Sydney, School of Pharmacy, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia