Effect of selected vegetable oils on the properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber vulcanizates

A. I. Khalaf; A. A. Ward; A. E. Abd El-Kader; S. H. El-Sabbagh

doi:10.14314/polimery.2015.043

Published : 2015-01-30

Vol. 60 No. 1 (2015)

Effect of selected vegetable oils on the properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber vulcanizates

A. I. Khalaf A. A. Ward A. E. Abd El-Kader S. H. El-Sabbagh

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2015.043

Abstract

In this study, we study if vegetable oils such as olive and orange oil, which are natural products devoid of any toxic effects, can function as multipurpose additives (processing aids, plasticizers and antioxidants) in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) containing 20 phr of carbon black (HAF). Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ) were used as a reference plasticizer and antioxidant respectively. Rheometric and swelling characteristics were studied. The mechanical and dielectric properties before and after thermo-oxidative aging for different time periods up to 264 h at 100 °C were also studied. The physico-mechanical results indicated that olive and orange oils impart good mechanical properties to NBR vulcanizates. Furthermore, they improve aging resistance and increase hardness. Dielectric relaxation spectra were used to study the relaxation behavior of these samples as function of frequency (0.1 Hz to 5 MHz) at different temperatures. The obtained data were interpreted on the basis of electrode polarization and provide evidence that the recorded relaxation phenomena include contributions from both the polymeric matrix and the presence of the reinforcing phase. According to the available mechanical and electrical results, it is suggested that olive and orange oils may be used as multipurpose additives in nitrile rubber.

Keywords

vegetable oils (olive and orange oil) ; acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber ; aging resistance ; mechanical properties ; dielectric properties oleje roślinne (oliwkowy i pomarańczowy) ; kauczuk akrylonitrylo-butadienowy ; odporność na starzenie ; właściwości mechaniczne ; właściwości dielektryczne

Details

References

Statistics

Authors

Download files

PDF

Zasady cytowania

Khalaf, A. I., Ward, A. A., Abd El-Kader, A. E., & El-Sabbagh, S. H. (2015). Effect of selected vegetable oils on the properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber vulcanizates. Polimery, 60(1), 43—56. https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2015.043

References

Kuriakose’A.P., Varghese M.: Iranian Polym. 1999, 8 (4), 247.

[2] Hoffman W.: “Rubber Technology Handbook”, Hanser Publishers, New York, U.S.A. 1989.

[3] Kuriakose’ A.P., Rajendran G.: J. Mater. Sci. 1995, 30, 2257.

[4] Raju P., Nandanan V., Kutty S.K.N.: Prog. Rubber Plast. Re. 2007, 23, 169.

[5] Nandanan V., Joseph R., George K.E.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 72, 487.
Crossref<487::AID-APP4>3.0.CO;2-M

[6] Pat. USA 3 481 894 (1969).

[7] Ashraf S.M., Sharif A., Ufana R., Manawwer A., Sharma H.O.: J. Macromol. Sci., Part A 2005, 42, 1409.
Crossref 10.1080/10601320500206903

[8] Raju P., Nandanan V., Suni. K.N., Kutty.: J. Rubber. Res. 2007, 10, 1.

[9] Nandanan V., Joseph R., Kuriakose A.P.: Proceeding’s of the National Conference, Indian Rubber Institute, Murnhai 1997, p. 205.

[10] Boskou D.: “Olive oil chemistry and technology”, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL (USA) 1996, pp. 52—83.

[11] Maurizio S., Roberto S., Sonia E., Agnese T., Gian F.M., Guido M.: J. Chromatography, A 2004, 1054 (1—2), 113.

[12] Hegazy A.E., Ibrahium M.I.: J. World Appl. Sci. 2012, 18 (5), 684.
Crossref

[13] Kremer F. Schönhals A. in: “Broadband dielectric spectroscopy” (Eds. Kremer F., Schönhals A.) Springer, Berlin 2003, pp. 35—64.

[14] Jonscher A.K.: “Dielectric relaxation in solids”, London: Chelsea Dielectrics Press, 1983.

[15] Li J.Y., Zhang L., Ducharme S: Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90 (13), 132901.
Crossref

[16]Ward A., El-Sabbagh S.H., Abd El-Gaffar M.A.: Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 2013, 66 (6), 29.

[17] El- Nashar D.E., Ward A.A., Abd-El-Messieh S.L.: Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 2009, 62 (9), 434.

[18] Flory P.J., Rehner J.: J. Chem. Phys. 1943, 11, 512.

[19] Khalaf A.I., Hagazy M.A.: High Perform. Polym. 2013, 25 (2), 115.
Crossref

[20] Rivlin R.S., Thomas A.G.: J. Polym. Sci. 1953, 10 (3), 291.
Crossref

[21] Ahmed N.M., El-Sabbagh S.H.: Mater. Design. 2011, 32, 2835.
Crossref

[22]Ward A.A.: “Dielectric and mechanical properties of filled rubbers in dependence on stress amplitude and temperature”, Ph.D. Thesis, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 2003.

[23] El-Nashar D.E., Ahmed N.M. Agami W.R.: Mater. Design. 2013, 52, 108.
Crossref

[24] Rahul M.C., Elaheh G.: J. Elast. Plast. 2012, 44 (4), 353.

[25] Choudhury A., Bhowmick A.K., Soddemann M.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2010, 95 (12), 2555.
Crossref

[26] Bhattacharjee S., Bhowmick A.K., Avasthi B.N.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1991, 31, 71.
Crossref

[27] Choudhury N.R., Bhowmick A.K.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1989, 25, 39.
Crossref

[28] Das A., Jurk R., Stõckelhuber K.W., Heinrich G.: eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 2007, 1 (11), 717.
Crossref. 2007.99

[29] Mahmoud W.E., Mansour S.A., Hafez M., Salam M.A.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2007, 92, 2011.
Crossref

[30] Khalaf A.I., Yehia A.A., Ismail M.N., El-Sabbagh S.H.: Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 2013, 65 (9), 28.
Crossref

[31] Ismail H., Jaffri R.M., Rozman H.D.: J. Polym. Int. 2000, 49, 618.
Crossref<618::AID-PI418>3.0.CO;2-#

[32] El Eraki M.H., El Lawindy A.M.Y., Hassan H.H., Mahmoud W.E.: Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91, 1417.
Crossref

[33] Tawfik M.E., Helaly F.M., El-Sabbagh S.H.: Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 2011, 42, 50.

[34] Azima L.G. Saad, El-Sabbagh S.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 79, 60.
Crossref<60::AID-APP70>3.0.CO;2-L

[35] Arroyo M., López-Manchado M.A., Valentin C.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 1330.
Crossref

[36] Sim L.C., Ramanan S.R., Ismail H., Seetharamu K.N., Goh T.J.: Thermochim. Acta 2005, 430, 155.
Crossref

[37] Abdel-Aziz M.M., Basfar A.A.: Nucl. Instr. Methods. Phys. Res. 2001, B185, 346.
Crossref

[38]Ward A.A., Stoll B., Von SodenW., Herminghaus S., Bishai A.M., Hanna F.F.: J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. 2003, 42, 1265.
Crossref

[39]Williams D.: “Methods of experiment physics: spectroscopy”, Academic Press INC, London 1976.

[40] Fritzsche J., Das A., Jurk R., Stöckelhuber K.W., Heinrich G., Klüppel M.: eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 2008, 2 (5), 373.
Crossref

[41] Gatos K.G., Martínez Alcázar J.G., Psarras G.C., Thomann R., Karger-Kocsis J.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 157.
Crossref

[42] Hill N.E., VaughanW.E., Price A.H., Davies M.: “Dielectric properties and molecular behavior”, London: Van Nostrand 1969.

[43] Havriliak S., Negami S.: Polymer 1967, 8, 161.
Crossref

[44] Fritzsche J., Klüppel M.: Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 2009, (1—2), 16.

[45]Ward A.A., Khalf A.I.: Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 2009, 62 (9), 653.

[46] Psarras G.C., Manolakaki E., Tsangaris G.M.: Appl. Sci. Manufact., Part A 2003, 34, 1187.
Crossref

[47] Patsidis A., Psarras G.C.: eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 2008, 2 (10), 718.
Crossref

[48] Flory P. J.: New Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc. 1979, 68, 26.

[49] Böttcher C.J.F., Bordewijk P.: “Theory of electric polarization: Dielectrics in time-dependent fields”, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1996, p. 2.

Google Scholar

Altmetric indicators

Citing articles via

CITEDBY SCOPUS

Statistics

Total abstract views : 210

PDF Downloads : 107

A. I. Khalaf aman2502003@yahoo.com

Affiliation
Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12311, Cairo-Egyp

A. A. Ward

Affiliation
Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

A. E. Abd El-Kader

Affiliation
Pilot Plant Laboratory and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

S. H. El-Sabbagh

Affiliation
Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12311, Cairo-Egyp