Isothermal curing of epoxy resins as seen by direct current and rheological measurements

K. Friedrich; J. Ulański; G. Boiteux; G. Seytre

Published : 2022-08-30

Vol. 51 No. 4 (2006)

Isothermal curing of epoxy resins as seen by direct current and rheological measurements

K. Friedrich J. Ulański G. Boiteux G. Seytre

Abstract

The investigations of epoxy-amine systems' curing were carried out by direct-current (DC) measurements in order to get better understanding of the evolutions of ionic conductivity and viscosity in the reactive medium. This study extends our earlier DC and ion mobility investigations (Time-of-Flight method) on this subject. The additional rheological examinations (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) have allowed to determine the correlations between evolution of electric and viscoelastic properties such as dynamic viscosity. The experiments have been carried out for the epoxy-amine reacting system that gelates and vitrifies: diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with 4,4'-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline) (DGEBA-MCDA) and for the reacting system that gelates only: diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol with 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecane diamine (DGEBD-4D). An inconsistency between the time dependence of ionic conductivity and viscosity was explained by the fact that the concentration of the mobile ion charge carriers is decreasing with the advancement of reaction. This observation lead to the conclusion of limited application of the electric techniques for the direct in situ monitoring of chemical reactions.

Keywords

przewodnictwo jonowe ; ruchliwość nośników jonowych ; pomiary stałoprądowe ; dynamiczna analiza mechaniczna ; żywice epoksydowe ; aminy ; utwardzanie izotermiczne ionic conductivity ; ionic carriers' mobility ; direct-current measurements ; dynamic mechanical analysis ; epoxy resins ; amines ; isothermal curing

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Friedrich, K., Ulański, J., Boiteux, G., & Seytre, G. (2022). Isothermal curing of epoxy resins as seen by direct current and rheological measurements. Polimery, 51(4), 264–269. Retrieved from https://ichp.vot.pl/index.php/p/article/view/1521

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2. Eloundou J. P., Gerard J. E, Harran D., Pascault J. P.: Macromolecules 1996,29,6917.

3. Boiteux G., Dublineau P., Feve M., Mathieu C, Seytre G., Ulanski J.: Polymer Bull 1993, 30,441.

4. Mathieu C., Boiteux G., Seytre G., Villain R., Dublineau P.: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1994,172—174,1012.

5. Deng Y, Martin G.: Polymer 1996, 37, 3593.

6. Urbaniak M., Grudziński K.: Polimery 2004, 49, 89.

7. Mijovic J., Andjelic S., Fitz B., Zurawsky W., Mondragon L, Bellucci F, Nicolais L.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 1996,34,379.

8. Girard-Reydet E., Riccardi C. C., Sautereau H., Pascault J. P.: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 7599.

9. Simpson J. G., Bidstrup S. A.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 1995,33,55.

10. Stephan F, Fit A., Duteurtre X.: Polym. Eng. Sci. 1997, 37,436.

11. Wasylyshyn D. A., Johari G. P.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 1997,35,437.

12. Mititelu-Mija A., Cascaval C. N.: Polimery 2005, 50, 839.

13. Stephan F, Seytre G., Boiteux G., Ulanski J.: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1994,172—174,1001.

14. Casalini R., Corezzi S., Livi A., Levita G., Rolla P. A.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1997, 65,17.

15. Eloundou J. P.: Europ. Polym. J. 1999, 35,1473.

16. Eloundou J. P.: Europ. Polym. J. 1999, 35,1481.

17. Mijovic J., Bellucci E: TRIP (Elsevier) 1996, 4 (3), 74.

18. Friedrich K., Vinh-Tung C., Boiteux G., Seytre G., Ulanski J.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1997, 65, 2529.

19. Ulanski J., Friedrich K., Boiteux G., Seytre G.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1997, 65,1143.

20. Friedrich K., Ulanski J., Boiteux G., Seytre G.: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society 2001, 8 (3), 572.

21. Gallone G., Levita G., Mijovic J., Andjelic S., Rolla P A.:Polymer l998,39,2095.

22. Johari G. P., Wasylyshyn D. A.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 2000, 38,122.

23. Koike T.: Polym. Eng. Sci. 1993, 33,1301.

24. Feve M.: Ann. Composites 1986,1—2, 7.

25. Sasabe H., Saito S.: Polym. J. 1912, 3, 624.

26. Senturia S. D., Sheppard N. F: Adv. Polym. Sci. 1986, 80,1.

27. Deng Y., Martin G. C.: Macromolecules 1994, 27,5141.

28. Watanabe M., Sanui K., Ogata N., Kobayashi T, Oh-taki Z.: J. Appl. Phys. 1985, 57 (1), 123.

29. Watanabe M., Nagano S., Sanui K., Ogata N.: Solid State Ionics 1986,18 & 19, 338.

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K. Friedrich

J. Ulański julanski@p.lodz.pl

Affiliation
Technical University of Łódź, Department of Molecular Physics (K-32), Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland

G. Boiteux

G. Seytre